Hole #1 - Sugar Maple

Par 4
416 | 386 | 374 | 318 | 250

Located throughout the hole, towering sugar maples add to the scenic landscape. Being one of North America’s most valuable trees, their hard wood is used for making furniture, while their sugary sap is used to make sweet maple syrup. Sugar maples may reach a height of 135 feet, making them a favorite resting place for blue herons. Their leaves, which grow in pairs opposite each other, turn yellow, orange and red in autumn.

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Hole #2 - Little Bluestem

Par 4
408 | 378 | 358 | 346 | 320

Re-grassed with the native little bluestem, this tee has improved in its beauty and wildlife habitat, thus improving the course and the golfing experience. Similar in appearance to golf courses in Scotland, the blades of grass are green but turn reddish-brown when mature. Tree swallows and red-tailed hawks are often spotted on this tee.

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Hole #3 - White Ash

Par 3
188 | 170 | 148 | 118 | 85

Seen beside the green, the broadleaf white ash is a hardwood tree generally planted to provide shade and prevent soil erosion. Tallest of all the ashes, its hard, strong wood is primarily used for shovel, hoe and rake handles, baseball bats, oars and skis. In late summer the trees bear fruit resembling canoe paddles.

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Hole #4 - Fox Den

Par 5
551 | 518 | 494 | 464 | 400

The red fox has a long and pointed muzzle, with a dense, soft coat and a long, bushy, white-tipped tail. It builds underground dens for its pups along banks of nearby marshes where digging is easy and drainage is good. Lined with grass, underground dens may have several entrances, usually facing south. Great-horned owls can be spotted perched on nearby dogwoods and may pose a threat to unwary pups.

Hole #5 - Hard Fescue

Par 4
420 | 413 | 391 | 355 | 337

In recent years, several areas were re-grassed with native grass species. Hard fescue, with its 18- to 24-inch brown, wavy stem and leaves, moves with the wind, creating a scenic and pleasing landscape on the course. These areas have flourished and received praise from the golfing community for the natural aspect of the layout.

Hole #6 - Black Willow

Par 4
452 | 407 | 402 | 364 | 354

A grove of black willows graces the wetland with their slender branches to the left of the fairway. Hardy and fast-growing, black willows thrive in wet areas where their roots soak up water and prevent soil erosion. Twigs of the willow are soft and slender and bend easily, making the wood ideal for baskets and wicker furniture. Red-tailed hawks can often be seen searching for mice and moles.

Hole #7 - Marshland

Par 4
364 | 338 | 312 | 277 | 265

Marshlands, like the one nearby, are found in places where the shape of the land and the nature of the soil combine to produce permanantly moist ground. Plants such as, cattails, grasses, rushes and sedges grow well in the marshland, which then provide food and shelter for many kinds of wildlife including muskrats, raccoons, frogs, turtles and ducks. This marsh area has an abundant bullfrog population.

Hole #8 - Deer Crossing

Par 5
567 | 552 | 541 | 512 | 402

Seen crossing this tee, whitetail deer are among the largest wild animals in North America. They eat grass, leaves, bark, twigs and tender sprouts of trees and other plants. For centuries people depended on deer for their meat and their skin for clothing. American Indians taught settlers how to dry the meat in the sun or over a campfire in order to preserve it for longer use.

Hole #9 - Tamarack

Par 3
186 | 161 | 156 | 131 | 103

A tunnel of tall tamaracks lines the path of this wetland area where painted and snapping turtles like to sun on nearby logs. A member of the pine family (which does not usually shed their needles), tamaracks shed their needles every fall and go through the winter bare. Their tough roots have been used by American Indians to bind canoes.

Hole #10 - Flying Squirrel

Par 5
506 | 484 | 458 | 434 | 392

Flying squirrels find shelter in old woodpecker nests found in tall Norway spruces, dark hemlocks and large hickory trees, which dominate the woods to the right of the cart path. A nocturnal animal, it has a loose fold of furry skin that allows it to glide – not fly – from tree trunk to tree trunk. With legs outspread and the membrane extended, they can go 150 feet or more.

Hole #11 - Black Ash

Par 4
448 | 396 | 360 | 342 | 288

Sacred to the Oneidas, the black ash is also known as the hoop or basket ash. Thin sheets along the annual growth rings can be cut into strips for weaving baskets and chair seats. The knotty burls of the trunk are often used for veneers and furniture. Gray squirrels, cottontail rabbits and deer can often be seen in areas around the trees.

Hole #12 - Pond View

Par 3
146 | 129 | 115 | 95 | 68

Bordering part of the 12th hole, Shenendoah’s scenic pond is where mallards and geese make their home. Beautiful in springtime when their large greenish-white flowers are in bloom, a stand of flowering American dogwoods enhance the area to the right of the pond. The pattern of the bark and the unusually-shaped flower buds make the dogwood attractive in the winter too.

Hole #13 - White Pine

Par 4
461 | 428 | 411 | 353 | 240

The white pine trees to the back left of this green symbolize the Oneida Nation’s commitment to peace with its neighbors. The trees provide shelter for wildlife, while the deep pond on the fairway is home to sunfish, bullfrogs and waterfowl. An Iroquois legend tells how the Great Peacemaker buried the weapons of war beneath the roots of a white pine after having established peace between each of the fierce Iroquois Nations.

Hole #14 - Snapping Turtles Passage

Par 3
168 | 152 | 133 | 127 | 102

Unlike other turtles, snapping turtles cannot retract into their shells for protection. They rely instead on their large head, powerful jaw and hooked beak for defense. Being fierce predators, they seek frogs, snakes, birds, salamanders and fish, usually at night. In the pond between the tee boxes and green, these turtles have been known to snap at humans if encountered. Safe distance is suggested.

Hole #15 - Raccoon Den

Par 4
432 | 403 | 383 | 372 | 313

Living primarily in woods and swamps, raccoons can be seen along the banks of the pond and marsh on the left side of the hole. As aggressive animals, they feed on the pond’s largemouth bass, bluegill, Sunfish and small frogs. Generally nocturnal animals, they are good fighters, climbers and swimmers. Recongnized by the black mask across their eyes, raccoons also have a ringed tail, long fur, and pointed ears and snout.

Hole #16 - Red Maple

Par 4
291 | 270 | 247 | 182 | 168

The reddish twigs and buds of the red maple evolve into scarlet flowers in spring and bright crimson leaves in autumn, causing the wooded area to the right of the path to turn a rich blaze of red. Also called the swamp maple, bluebirds and red-tailed hawks populate these trees, and turtles are often seen making their way across the fairway to the wetland on holes #15 and #17.

Hole #17 - Whitetail Deer

Par 4
456 | 408 | 380 | 326 | 296

The most common of large game animals. Whitetail deer feed in the dense apple orchard nearby, making it the best place to spot them. Their tails grow about one foot long with brown fur on top and white underneath. When frightened, the deer begin to run with their tails up, revealing the white under-fur as a sign of warning.

Hole #18 - Apple Orchard

Par 5
553 | 527 | 507 | 489 | 430

Adding to the overall landscape of this course, the apple and pear orchards are part of the scenery and natural environment of this tee. The orchards are separated from the fairway by a creek and wetland, which are homes to turtles and frogs. Herons and songbirds are also attracted to the orchards, as well as to the towering spruce behind the 18th hole.